The Concept of "Soul" in Islamic Psychology
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استادیار گروه روانپزشکى دانشگاه علوم پزشکى تبریز
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کارشناس ارشد روانشناسى بالینى
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2000
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In Islamic psychology two main views come to the fore, one of which concerns the religious, mystical and philosophical dimensions of man's soul in the context of Islamic doctrines and the other concerns the process of establishing a scientific school of thought in which scientific procedures based on Islamic doctrines are applied. The latter view, which is followed out in this article, provides a good ground for contrasting modern schools of psychology, and the difference between the concept of soul and that of "spirit" has been focused on. Concerning the idea that the "soul" has the power to safeguard man's behavior in its totality and integrity which is proposed by the studies of Islamic psychology and which underlies Mulla Sadra's psychology, The following points seem to be of great significance: 1) Attention should be paid to the difference between the concept of "soul" and "spirit" as far as their meaning and usage are concerned. 2) Man's . "self" is the most important distinctive feature of the "soul" which expresses itself in one's feeling or sense of one's "self" 3) Unconscious aspects of the concept "soul" have been given attention by Islamic psychology. 4) No sharp distinction can be made between the concepts "soul" and "self" which give expression to the idea of man's totality or integrity on the one hand, and their distinction in modern psychology on the other. 5) Such concepts as will or determination, conscience, emotion and perfectability can be dealt with when the concept "soul" is being treated. Admitting that at least at the early stages of its genesis, the soul's wedding to matter is regarded as part of its own nature and its quiddity or, to use the term "mahiyyah" in Islamic philosophy, Mulla Sadra made defencible the concept that soul functions as a bridge connecting psychology to philosophy. The holistic approach which is taken to dinstinguish between Islamic psychology and modern schools of psychology is as such that it does not ignore the particularistic approach, either.
Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)
1608-7070
5
v.
21
no.
2000
44
58
https://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_679_d8cd0f4c48da134771181b1fec414759.pdf
A Glance at Iqbal's Sociology of Knowledge
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عضو پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه
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2000
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Though in sociology, sociology of knowledge is in some measure an unknown field and comparatively recent and in some respects unique, it seems to replace or perhaps supplement with epistemology. Thus, in line with naturalizing sciences, it would be appropriate to trace these two fields of study in the history of Islamic thoughts so that their epistemology can be fully comprehended or even perfected. According to some of the ideas of Moslem thinkers, the social, economic and political factors are the causes of human knowledge and they determine its form and content. Muhammad Iqbal of Lahore can be refered to as one of the Moslem thinkers whose ideas have some bearing on the sociology of Knowledge. In epistemology he paid special attention to various aspects of knowledge, including inner, intellectual, empirical as well as revealed knowledge. He holds that epistemology plays a great role in all planes of human life, moving from this treatment of epistemology to the treatment of the religious knowledge related to socio - cultural circumstances. Concerning the latter issue, Iqbal makes some remarks on social and cultural changes within the realm of religious sciences. It is this very idea of Iqbal that affected the theory of contraction and expansion to a large extent. Moreover, Iqbal's plan which underlies the theory of "returning to oneself" directs the Islamic societies towards their own self-assurance to stand agains social self-estrangement.
Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)
1608-7070
5
v.
21
no.
2000
59
83
https://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_680_ffd3b48c422edfb656ee1e05a044b61c.pdf
A light on the Concept of "Politics"
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عضو پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه
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2000
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Politics, which is one of the human sciences, deals with certain issues which distinguishe it from the other fields. Concerning the definitions of politics, there are two focal views. Some consider politics as the art or science which is concerned with government or governing. Accordingly, the term politics is used to refer to the kind of society with special characteristics. Politics, in this sense, can be regarded as a branch of sociology. However, this definition is not all - embracing and it is subject to some criticisms. Some others view politics as a science mainly concerned with power and control and so it cannot be used as the counterpart of society, but a certain social phenomenon refered to as "power". Now, if by power we mean absolute power and if it includes every sort of power prevailing in a society, then this definition will be comparatively more comprehensive than the former. In their power - centered definitions, some emphasize on the power which is exercised by the official channels or governmental institutions and some others concentrate on such ideas as "power", "sovereignty" or "conflict". However, these definitions, too, are not exempt from objections. Thus, some consider that a certain kind of behaviour or activity, namely, "authoritative allocation of values", Corresponds to the content and meaning of politics. It can be inferred from the above - mentioned definitions that politics seems to refer to a human behaviour of certain social kind, though this definition cannot be accepted for it is incapable of giving a power a signification for the behaviour in question, and thus it can bring about some problems. Therefore, it is necessary to cast more light on the issue to determine the proper signification of the political behaviour and its qualifications and pecularities.
Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)
1608-7070
5
v.
21
no.
2000
84
112
https://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_681_225b5a4dd01fb2d2fbfa19eff36fe787.pdf
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Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)
1608-7070
5
v.
21
no.
2000
113
130
https://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_706_6210502f48e70462b41206d1deecd3b3.pdf
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Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)
1608-7070
5
v.
21
no.
2000
131
139
https://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_707_cfd3b6f341ee5313c129bc521a28db31.pdf
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استاد فلسفه دانشگاه شهید بهشتى(ره)
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2000
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Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)
1608-7070
5
v.
21
no.
2000
140
152
https://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_708_8705d52b20c09cbb60f85c5422eb36c8.pdf