Research Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities1608-7070249520180622Two Different Methodological Aspects of Pareto Optimality and Their Correspondence with Islamic Instructions [in Economics]Two Different Methodological Aspects of Pareto Optimality and Their Correspondence with Islamic Instructions [in Economics]719145410.30471/mssh.2018.1454FAMuhammad Hussein KaramiAssistant Professor at Research Institute of Hawzeh va Daneshgah0000-0002-3116-4273Journal Article20180302Welfareeconomics seeks to explain how to maximize welfare of society. It is noteworthy to mention that the two processes of allocation of resources and distribution of resources are of a significant role in the explanation. However, there exists a methodological difference of opinion as to which of these two processes Pareto optimality (efficiency) belongs. Does Pareto optimality refer to the way in which the highest level of [Gross] national product, i.e. optimal allocation, is achieved? Or does it speak of the distribution of the beginning inventory among individuals or of distribution of welfare in terms of Social Welfare Function? The allocative aspect, though not known as distribution, carries with it a concept of distribution of a product which is in close relationship with determining the relative price of each input and with the rights of those who are the owners of the factors of production. The distributive aspect of welfare economics is concerned with the distribution of the factors of production or with the beginning inventory. In this connection, it is made clear to what extent the utility is important for individuals and what the criterion for degrees in poverty or richness is. Having explained these two aspects, the article attempts to have a cursory glance at the Islamic view of each of these two aspects of welfare economicsWelfareeconomics seeks to explain how to maximize welfare of society. It is noteworthy to mention that the two processes of allocation of resources and distribution of resources are of a significant role in the explanation. However, there exists a methodological difference of opinion as to which of these two processes Pareto optimality (efficiency) belongs. Does Pareto optimality refer to the way in which the highest level of [Gross] national product, i.e. optimal allocation, is achieved? Or does it speak of the distribution of the beginning inventory among individuals or of distribution of welfare in terms of Social Welfare Function? The allocative aspect, though not known as distribution, carries with it a concept of distribution of a product which is in close relationship with determining the relative price of each input and with the rights of those who are the owners of the factors of production. The distributive aspect of welfare economics is concerned with the distribution of the factors of production or with the beginning inventory. In this connection, it is made clear to what extent the utility is important for individuals and what the criterion for degrees in poverty or richness is. Having explained these two aspects, the article attempts to have a cursory glance at the Islamic view of each of these two aspects of welfare economicshttps://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_1454_2e4dd7bc2dcc2d093af5fff25bb2f1a3.pdfResearch Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities1608-7070249520180622The Study of critical realism’s implications in agenda setting of science, technology and innovation policy making; the case study of horizon 2020 and the European bioeconomy in 2030The Study of critical realism’s implications in agenda setting of science, technology and innovation policy making; the case study of horizon 2020 and the European bioeconomy in 20302150147210.30471/mssh.2018.1472FAHassan Danaeifard0000-0002-4745-0266Mohammad Mahdi ZolfagharzadehMostafa TaghaviMahdi MohammadiPeyman MohammadiJournal Article20180311The philosophical implication-research is one of common research traditions in social sciences. In this methodology, researchers find implications from different philosophies of social sciences for their professional and specialized disciplines. One of the new philosophies that have been considered by different disciplines of social and human sciences due to its explanatory and emancipatory power is Critical Realism (CR). The aim of this research is extracting the implications of this epistemological approach or research tradition for science, technology and innovation policymaking, however the main focus of it is on the stage of agenda setting in policymaking's cycle. This study relying to Roy Bhaskar's critical realism have analyzed two policy documents: horizon 2020 and the European bioeconomy in 2030. The collection of extracted implications indicated that critical realism leads the science, technology and innovation policymaking's system to the more realistic space and adds the important elements such as space-time, concept-action, and Systems of meaning to decision variables. The last elements along the language communities in comparison with other research traditions have better explanatory power of policymaking in sectoral and technological innovation systemThe philosophical implication-research is one of common research traditions in social sciences. In this methodology, researchers find implications from different philosophies of social sciences for their professional and specialized disciplines. One of the new philosophies that have been considered by different disciplines of social and human sciences due to its explanatory and emancipatory power is Critical Realism (CR). The aim of this research is extracting the implications of this epistemological approach or research tradition for science, technology and innovation policymaking, however the main focus of it is on the stage of agenda setting in policymaking's cycle. This study relying to Roy Bhaskar's critical realism have analyzed two policy documents: horizon 2020 and the European bioeconomy in 2030. The collection of extracted implications indicated that critical realism leads the science, technology and innovation policymaking's system to the more realistic space and adds the important elements such as space-time, concept-action, and Systems of meaning to decision variables. The last elements along the language communities in comparison with other research traditions have better explanatory power of policymaking in sectoral and technological innovation systemhttps://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_1472_985eccece0470a6b96c4121d18ea3ea0.pdfResearch Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities1608-7070249520180622The Problem of Realism in Economic MethodologyThe Problem of Realism in Economic Methodology5171147310.30471/mssh.2018.1473FAAbdolhamid Moarefi MohammadiJournal Article20180407We have problems such as relativism in neoclassical economic. relativism rooted in two methodological problem such as lack of objectivity and indeterminacy of economic theories.the solution fo relativism is realistic approach in economics.in recent years two realistic projects initiated in economics,maki's scientific realism and lawson's critical realism.in this paper we have a new approach for problem of realism in economics beyond maki and Lawson.we called this realism,holistic realism.we based holistic realism on transcendental approach (such as Lawson) and linguistic philosophy(such as maki),but we reach a new methodology in realism. We have a phenomenological view on economic world and institutional view on economic action. So we reach a three layer ontology in economic world,triple modality of economic world,three language for representation and triple validity claims for knowledge in economics.institutions becomes a ground for theory in economics,so we can overcome on objectivity and indetermination problems in economic methodology an relativism in economicsWe have problems such as relativism in neoclassical economic. relativism rooted in two methodological problem such as lack of objectivity and indeterminacy of economic theories.the solution fo relativism is realistic approach in economics.in recent years two realistic projects initiated in economics,maki's scientific realism and lawson's critical realism.in this paper we have a new approach for problem of realism in economics beyond maki and Lawson.we called this realism,holistic realism.we based holistic realism on transcendental approach (such as Lawson) and linguistic philosophy(such as maki),but we reach a new methodology in realism. We have a phenomenological view on economic world and institutional view on economic action. So we reach a three layer ontology in economic world,triple modality of economic world,three language for representation and triple validity claims for knowledge in economics.institutions becomes a ground for theory in economics,so we can overcome on objectivity and indetermination problems in economic methodology an relativism in economicshttps://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_1473_462d7cac74679cde45281cb44e95c33b.pdfResearch Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities1608-7070249520180622Methodology of Institutional FactsMethodology of Institutional Facts7382147410.30471/mssh.2018.1474FAHassan Agha NazariResearch Institute of Hawzah and UniversityJournal Article20180413The methodology of any knowledge determines the subject of that knowledge. Accordingly, before discussing in the methodology of social sciences what is the subject of this sciences - which is social reality - should be investigated. These facts come from the family of institutions. The nature of institutions is consistent with the theory of E`tebariat (or agreed conventions) and the reason for many social behaviors. This article seeks to show that the methodology of social sciences must be commensurate with the recognition of the nature of these institutions – E'tebariat- and their role as the reason for these types of behaviorsThe methodology of any knowledge determines the subject of that knowledge. Accordingly, before discussing in the methodology of social sciences what is the subject of this sciences - which is social reality - should be investigated. These facts come from the family of institutions. The nature of institutions is consistent with the theory of E`tebariat (or agreed conventions) and the reason for many social behaviors. This article seeks to show that the methodology of social sciences must be commensurate with the recognition of the nature of these institutions – E'tebariat- and their role as the reason for these types of behaviorshttps://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_1474_81e011e8980a7510e0c5be26d070b857.pdfResearch Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities1608-7070249520180622Provide an organized framework about scholars views on the idea of progressProvide an organized framework about scholars views on the idea of progress83103147510.30471/mssh.2018.1475FASaber MonadiMostafa TaghaviJournal Article20180208“Progress” is among most frequently used terms in the past few centuries in public discussions, scientific communities as well as economic and sociopolitical policy making. This term has been used in our daily conversations so frequently that it seems to become an intrinsic goal for human beings. However, even a short survey of the introduced meanings of and suggested approaches to achieve “progress” during the last four centuries - since the term was first used- demonstrates that we are faced with a multitude of views from the different - and sometimes contradictory - schools of thoughts. Unfortunately, in recent decades, despite our national desire to “progress”, we have not yet thought deeply enough of the concept; even the existing non-indigenous models have not been comprehensively and accurately studied. This paper, briefly reviewing prominent and leading schools of thought, provides a rational framework to understand and analyze these theories“Progress” is among most frequently used terms in the past few centuries in public discussions, scientific communities as well as economic and sociopolitical policy making. This term has been used in our daily conversations so frequently that it seems to become an intrinsic goal for human beings. However, even a short survey of the introduced meanings of and suggested approaches to achieve “progress” during the last four centuries - since the term was first used- demonstrates that we are faced with a multitude of views from the different - and sometimes contradictory - schools of thoughts. Unfortunately, in recent decades, despite our national desire to “progress”, we have not yet thought deeply enough of the concept; even the existing non-indigenous models have not been comprehensively and accurately studied. This paper, briefly reviewing prominent and leading schools of thought, provides a rational framework to understand and analyze these theorieshttps://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_1475_73c0b9df5a5f8dc1770cdcf113c0d73f.pdfResearch Institute of Hawzah and University;
(Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute)Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities1608-7070249520180622The investigation and explanation of anthropology in management
(with insistence on (the application of) the doctrine of transcendent theology in psychology)The investigation and explanation of anthropology in management
(with insistence on (the application of) the doctrine of transcendent theology in psychology)105127149010.30471/mssh.2018.1490FAAboulfazl Gaeeni0000-0002-8648-7854Journal Article20080214We deal with the description and explanation of existing theoretical elements in management science which returns to the dominating paradigms in humanities. These theoretical elements pertain to quality of the definition and description of organizational man from the viewpoint of the dominating paradigms. <br />The aim of this article is offering a pattern of Mulla Sadra's (ca. 1571–1636) knowledge of the soul in the theory of anthropology of the organization science. In the realm of theorizing in the science of management and organization, just like the realms in social sciences, the existence of philosophical approaches including ontology, epistemology, anthropology and methodology is visible (Burrell , Morganq, 1982: 52). Due to the importance of philosophical approaches in the field of anthropology, this treatise focuses on the Mulla Sadra's philosophical anthropology as a basic influential principle of the science of management and organization. <br />The prominent work of Mulla Sadra (Hikmat al-muta‘aliya, volume 8) used as data sources. Data were codified and analyzed according to the "directed content analysis" method Boulding's system theory were used as guidance theory for initial codesWe deal with the description and explanation of existing theoretical elements in management science which returns to the dominating paradigms in humanities. These theoretical elements pertain to quality of the definition and description of organizational man from the viewpoint of the dominating paradigms. <br />The aim of this article is offering a pattern of Mulla Sadra's (ca. 1571–1636) knowledge of the soul in the theory of anthropology of the organization science. In the realm of theorizing in the science of management and organization, just like the realms in social sciences, the existence of philosophical approaches including ontology, epistemology, anthropology and methodology is visible (Burrell , Morganq, 1982: 52). Due to the importance of philosophical approaches in the field of anthropology, this treatise focuses on the Mulla Sadra's philosophical anthropology as a basic influential principle of the science of management and organization. <br />The prominent work of Mulla Sadra (Hikmat al-muta‘aliya, volume 8) used as data sources. Data were codified and analyzed according to the "directed content analysis" method Boulding's system theory were used as guidance theory for initial codeshttps://method.rihu.ac.ir/article_1490_f14ca55d47dc197244cf8698d67f9a0b.pdf