A Study of Entrepreneurship New Institutionalism of the Ethnically−Traders Homogeneous Group in Comparison with Other Entrepreneurship Theories for Less Developed Countries

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Author

Economic.Faculty of Economic and official sciences, university of mazandaran, Babolsar.Iran

Abstract

Three intellectuals in entrepreneurship made effective developments in the economy. Neo-classical entrepreneurship with complete rationality and market in equilibrium promises to accept the environmental impact on business. In the critique of the process, Austrian entrepreneurship, by planning the market in equilibrium with entrepreneurial vigilance, considers the opportunity to profit for the entrepreneur. The new institutionalism approach with the design of official and informal institutions and entrepreneurial contracts in the institutional environment attracted attention to productive and destructive entrepreneurship. This paper seeks to introduce new institutionalism, with the theory of ethnic entrepreneurship activity in the form of a united commercial network with ethnic identity and culture, paying attention to confidence among ethnicities for the opportunity to profit and productive entrepreneurship for underdeveloped countries. The results indicate the usefulness of this theory and its application to less developed countries in creating sustainable growth and development for the entrepreneurial environment.

Keywords

References

1. ایننتر، ردلف (1387)، «اقتصاد نهادی جدید: آغاز، معنا، دورنماها»، ترجمه سیدحسین میرخلیلی، مجله اقتصادی−ماهنامه بررسی مسائل و سیاست‌های اقتصادی، ش79 و 80، ص51−87.
2. بختیاری، مرضیه و غلامحسین حسینی‌نیا (1397)، «نقش کارآفرینی نهادی در توسعۀ اقتصادی»، سومین کنفرانس ملی رویکردهای نوین در علوم انسانی، چالش‌ها و راه‌حل‌ها، ص۶۵.
3. پاداش، حمید و علی نیکونسبتی (1395)، «نقش نهادها در توسعه کارآفرینی»، دوفصلنامه برنامه و بودجه، شماره 106، ص35−41.
4. متوسلی، محمود و علی نیکونسبتی (1390)، «تغییر نهادی»، فصلنامه برنامه و بودجه، س16، ش3، ص51−68.
5. متوسلی، محمود؛ زینب آیینی و ژیلا ترابی (1395)، «کنش جمعی؛ مکانیزمی در مسیر توسعه کارآفرینی مولد»، فصلنامه پژوهشنامه اقتصادی، س16، ش61، ص1−32.
6. متوسلی، محمود؛ سیما خدابنده‌لو، علی نیکونسبتی و علی رستمیان (1395)، «تأملی بر مکتب اتریش: پیدایش و تحول آن»، مجله توسعه کارآفرینی، دوره 9، ش3، ص453−472.
7. نصیری اقدم، علی و زینب مرتضوی‌فر (1396)، «دلالت اقتصاد نهادی برای بهبود محیط کسب‌ و کار»، پژوهشنامه اقتصادی، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، ش65، ص۳۳−۵۵.
8. Barth, F. (Ed.) (1969),Ethnic groups and boundaries. Boston: Little Brown and company.
9. Buchanan, J. M. (1965), An economic theory of clubs. Economic, 32 (Feb), p.1−14.
10. Buchanan, J. M. (1975), The Limits of liberty: Between anarchy and the state, Chicago: The University of Chicago press.
11. Bustos, W ,McQuade, T.,. (2005), The sensory order and other adaptive classifying systems. Journal of Bio economics, 7(3),PP. 335-358.
12. Glade, W. (1967), Approaches to a theory of entrepreneurial formation. Explorations in Entrepreneurial History, 4, pp.425−459.
13. Greif, A. (1993), Contract enforceability and economic institutions in early trade: The Maghribi traders. American Economic Review, 83, pp.525−548.
14. Khalil, E.L. (1996), Friedrich Hayek's Darwinian theory of evolution of institutions: Two problems. Australian Economic Papers, 35(66), PP.183-201.
15. Kirzner, I. M. (1979), Perception, opportunity, and profit: Studies in the theory of entrepreneurship, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
16. Kirzner, I.M. (1973), Competition and entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17. Koppl, R. & Minniti, M. (2003), Market processes and entrepreneurial studies. In: Z.J.Acs & D.B. Audretsch (Ends), Handbook of entrepreneurship research, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp.81−102.
18. Landa, J.T. & Wang, X.T. (2001), Boundedly rationality of economic man: Decision−making under ecological, social and institutional constraints. Journal of Bio economics, 3(2/3), pp.217−235.
19. Landa, J.T. (1981), A theory of the ethnically homogeneous middleman group: An institutional alternative to contract law, Journal of Legal Studies, 10(2), pp.349−362.
20. Landa, J.T. (1988), Underground economics: Generic or Sui generis? In: J.Jenkins (Ed.), Beyond the informal sector: Including the excluded in developing countries, 75, San Francisco: ICD Press, pp.237−241.
21. Landa, J.T. (1991), Culture and entrepreneurship in less−developed countries: Trading networks as economic organizations, In: Berger (Ed), The culture of entrepreneurship, San Francisco: ICS Press, pp.53−72, 217−222.
22. Landa, J.T. (1999), The law and bio economics of ethnic cooperation and conflict in plural societies of Southeast Asia: A theory of Chinese merchant success. Journal of Bio economics, 1(3), PP.269-284.
23. Landa, J.T. (2002a), Cognitive foundations of trust and informal institutions: An expanded approach to ethnic trading networks, In: F.K. Salter (Ed.), Risky transactions, kinship and ethnicity New York: Berghahn Books, pp.129−142.
24. Landa, J.T. (2002b), The bio economics oh Homogeneous merchant groups as 'Adaptive Units'. Paper presented at the Public Choice Society annual Meetings, San Diego, March, the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion's Conference on ''Religion, Economics, and Culture'' held in Kansas City, Missouri, October, 2004, pp.22−24.
25. Landa, J.T. (2005), Bounded rationality of Homo classificus: The law and bio economics of social norms as classification, In: C.A. Hill (Ed.), symposium: Must we choose between rationality and irrationality? Chicago− Kent Law Review, 80(3), pp.1167−1180.
26. Leibenstein, H . (1986), Enterpreneurshipand development .American Economic Review, PP.58-72.
27. North, D.C. (2005), Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Williamson, O. E. (1985), The economic institutions of capitalism: Firms, markets, relational contracting, New York: the Free Press.
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics