One of the core discussions in philosophy of social science is the dispute of holism and individualism. In this article, the recent issues of debate among Iranian thinkers are studied. Also, a definition of individualism and holism and an explanation of the importance of the issue are provided. Then, three arguments with respect to individualism are studied. The arguments include the ontological argument, epistemological argument, and linguistic argument. Under linguistic argument, a brief introduction to individualism or holism use of the terms in classic Iranian literature is provided. Individualism today is not like the unrefined 19th century individualism among philosophers and thinkers. Thus, the exceptions imposed by modern individualists on the fundamentals of individualism are discussed in the next section. These exceptions are named as: 1. categorization of explanation levels 2. the issue of anonymous individuals 3. the emergent properties and 4. the exceptions. Finally, the rule of supervenience is mentioned as a possible solution to dispute of holists and individualists. Throughout the document, the views of John Watkins, one of the most popular contemporary individualist philosophers, are pointed to and occasionally criticized based on the opinion of holists.
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