ارائه مدل روش‌شناسانۀ تأثیر فن‌آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (فاوا) بر روابط خانواده

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه

2 دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب

چکیده

فن‌آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات ممکن است به صورت مفید و یا مضر برای عملکرد و رشد اعضای خانواده یا نظام خانواده در خانواده نفوذ کند؛ امّا به چه دلیل نتایج تحقیقات در بررسی تأثیر فن‌آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر روابط خانواده‌ها به این میزان ناسازگار هستند؟ دلایل زیادی برای این تناقض بیان شده است. یک دلیل متناقض بودن یافته‌های تحقیقات، مبتنی نبودن تحقیقات بر یک مدل مفهومی مناسب و اجماعی بین پژوهشگران است.
بیشتر تحقیقات در مورد تأثیر فاوا بر خانواده، با مدل‌های مورد قبول و با متغیرهای مستقل شناخته شده انجام می‌شوند و غالباً از تأثیر و تأثر مسائل پیچیدۀ انسانی، متنی، فرهنگی و فن‌آوری چشم‌پوشی می‌کنند. به همین دلیل به مدلی نیاز است که تأثیر فن‌آوری بر روابط ساختاری و روابط عاطفی خانواده را به درستی بررسی کند. این مقاله درصدد است با بررسی مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه، مدلی روش‌شناسانه برای بررسی تأثیر فن‌آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر روابط خانواده را طراحی کند. مدل مفهومی تأثیر فن‌آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر خانواده، به دنبال سازماندهی ادبیات موجود، جهت‌دهی به تحقیقات آینده و کاربردی کردن نتایج و اطلاعات موجود است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


1. صدیق اورعی، غلامرضا (1398)، مبانی جامعه‌شناسی، قم: پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه.
2. کافی، مجید (1394)، نظریۀ اجتماعی ارتباط در قرآن، قم: پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه.
3. مالک بن نبی (1359)، شبکۀ روابط اجتماعی،‌ ترجمۀ جواد صالحی، تهران: دفتر نشر فرهنگ اسلامی.
4. AARP (2000), “National survey on consumer preparedness and e-commerce: A survey of computer users age 45 and older”, Retrieved August 17, 2006 from http:// research.aarp.org/consume/ecommerce1.html.
5. Bargh, J. A., & McKenna, Y. A. (2004), “The Internet and social life”, Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 573–580.
6. Belch, M. A., Krentler, K. A., & Willis-Flurry, L. A. (2005), “Teen Internet mavens: Influence in family decision making, Journal of Business Research, 58, 569–575.
7. Bennabi, M. (1980), Social Relations Network (J. Salehi, Trans.), Tehran: Islamic Culture Publishing Office.
8. Bruner, G. C., & Kumar, A. (2005), “Explaining consumer acceptance of handheld Internet devices, Journal of Business Research, 58, 553–558.
9. Carroll, J., Howard, S. Peck, J., & Murphy, J. (2002), “A field study of perceptions and use of mobile telephones by 16 to 22 year olds”, Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 4, 49–61.
10. Center for the Digital Future [CDF] (2005), “Highlights of the digital future report”. Retrieved July 15, 2006 from http://www.digitalcenter.org/pdf/Center-for-the Digital-Future-2005-Highlights.pdf
11. Center for the Digital Future [CDF] (2008), “Annual Internet survey by the center for the digital future finds shifting trends among adults about the benefits and consequences of children going online”, Retrieved January 31, 2008 from http:// www.digitalcenter.org/pdf/2008-Digital-Future-Report-Final-Release.pdf.
12. Chelsey, N. (2006), “Families in a high-tech age: Technology usage patterns, work and family correlates, and gender”, Journal of Family Issues, 27, 587-608.
13. Colvin, J., Chenoweth, L., Bold, M., & Harding, C. (2004), “Caregivers of older adults: Advantages and disadvantages of Internet-based social support”, Family Relations, 5, 349-357.
14. CTIA (2006), “Year end estimated 2005 wireless subscribers”, Retrieved August 2, 2006, from http://files.ctia.org/img/survey/2005_endyear/slides/EndYear_4.jpg
15. Daly, K, J. (1996), Families & time: Keeping pace in a hurried culture, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
16. Fox, S. (2000), “Trust and privacy online: Why Americans want to rewrite the rules”, Retrieved July 21, 2000 from http://www.pewinternet.org/reports/pdfs/PIP_ trust_privacy_report_pdf
17. Garcia-Montes, J. M., Caballero-Munoz, D., & Perez-Alvarez, M. (2006), “Changes in the self resulting from the use of mobile phones”, Media, Culture & Society, 28, 67–82.
18. Geser, H. (2006), “Is the cell phone undermining the social order? Understanding mobile technology from a sociological perspective”, Technology & Policy, 19, 8–18.
19. Haythornwaite, C. (2001), “Exploring multiplexity: Social network structures in a computer-supported distance learning class”, The Information Society, 17, 211–226.
20. Hughes, R., Ebata, A. T., & Dollahite, D. (1999), “Family life in the information age”, Family Relations, 48, 5-6. 
21. Hughes, R., & Hans, J. D. (2001), “Computers, the Internet and families: A review of the role new technology plays in family life”, Journal of Family Issues, 22, 776–790.
22. Hwang, M., & Lin, J. (1999), “Information dimension, information overload and decision quality”, Journal of Information Science, 25, 213–219.
23. Kafi, M. (2015), Theory of Social Relations in Quran, Qom: Publications of Research Institue of Hawzah and University.
24. Kavanaugh, A. L., & Patterson, S. J. (2001), “The impact of community computer networks on social capital and community involvement”, American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 496–509.
25. Kayany, J. M., & Yelsma, P. (2000), “Displacement effects of online media in the socio-technical contests of households”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44, 215-232.
26. Kommers, N., & Rainie, L. (2002), “Use of the Internet at major life moments”. 
27. Retrieved October 20, 2002 from http://www.pewInternet.org/reports/report s.asp?Report=58.
28. Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002), “Internet paradox revisited”, Journal of Social Issues, 58, 49–74.
29. Kaiser Family Foundation (2000), “Kids and media @ the new millennium”, Retrieved August 1, 2006 from http://www.kff.org.
30. Lanigan, J., Bold, M., & Chenoweth, L. (2009), “Computers in the family context: Perceived impact on family time and relationships”, (Electronic version), Family Science Review, 14(1), 16–32.
31. Lanigan, J. (2009), “A Sociotechnological Model for Family Research and Intervention: How Information and Communication Technologies Affect Family Life”, Marriage & Family Review, 45, 587-609.
32. Lenhart, A., & Madden, M. (2005), “Teens and technology: Youth are leading the transition to a fully wired mobile nation. Pew Internet & American Life Project”. Retrieved August 3, 2006 from http://207.21.232.102/PPF/r/162/report_ display.asp.
33. Madden, M. (2006), “Internet penetration and impact. Pew Internet & American Life Project”. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://207.21.232.103/PPF/r/182/report_display.asp.
34. Malone, M., Mathes, L., Dooley, J., & While, A. E. (2005), “Health information seeking and its effect on the doctor-patient digital divide”, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 11, 25–28.
35. Mayer, R. M. (2003), “Technology, families, and privacy: Can we know too much about our loved ones?”, Journal of Consumer Policy, 26, 419_439.
36. Meszaros, P. S. (2004), “The wired family: Living digitally in the postinformation age”, American Behavioral Scientist, 48, 377-401.
37. National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA] (2004), “A nation online: Entering the broadband age. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http:// www.ntia.doc.gov/reports/anol/NationOnlineBroadband04.htm#_Toc78020930.
38. Nettleton, S., Burrows, R., O'Malley, L., & Watt, I. (2004), “Health E-types? An analysis of the everyday use of the Internet for health”, Information, Communication & Society, 7, 531–553. 
39. Nee, N. H., & Erbring, L. (2000), “Internet and society: A preliminary report”, Retrieved July 15, 2006 from http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/itandsociety/v01i01/v01101a18.pdf.
40. Olson, D. H., Portner, J., & Lavee, Y. (1985), FACES III. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Family Social Sciences.
41. Oravec, J. A. (2000), “Internet and computer technology hazards: Perspectives for family counseling”, British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 28(3), 309-324.
42. Palen, L., Salzman, M., & Youngs, E. (2001), “Discovery and integration of mobile communication in everyday life”, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 5, 109–122.
43. Perry, Y. V., & Doherty, W. J. (2003), “Developing theory about families and technology: The case of cell phones, Paper presented at the Theory Construction and Research Methodology Workshop, National Council on Family Relations Annual Meeting, November, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
44. Pratt, L., Wiseman, R. L., Cody, M. J., & Wendt, P. F. (1999), “Interrogative strategies and information exchange in computer-mediated communication”, Communication Quarterly, 47, 46–68.
45. Rainie, L. (2000), “Connections to family and friends”, Retrieved September 3, 2006 from http://www.pewinternet.org/reports/reports.asp?Report=55&Section= ReportLevel1& Field.html
46. Rainie, L., & Keeter, S. (2006), “How Americans use their cell phones. Pew Internet and American Life Project”, Retrieved July 15, 2006 from http://207.21.232.103/ PPF/r/179report_display.asp
47. Sedigh Oraei, Gh. (2019), Principles of Sociology (Fundamental Concepts and Propositions), Qom: Publications of Research Institue of Hawzah and University.
48. Smitt; K. L. (2000), “Public policy, family rules and children's media use the home”. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter. org/Downloads/Media_and_Developing_Child/20000626_public_policy_Vchip_ report.pdf.
49. Smith, C. A. (1999), “Family life pathfinders on the new electronic frontier”, Family Relations, 48, 42–59.
50. Strasburger, V. C., & Wilson, B. J. (2002), Children, adolescents & the media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
51. Suwickert, R. J., Hittner, J.B., Harris, J. L., & Herring, J. A. (2002), Relationships among Internet use, personality and social support, Computers in Human Behavior.
52. Turow, J., & Nir, L. (2000), “The Internet and the family 2000”, Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/04_info_suciety/ family/FAMILY.HTM.
53. Valcour, P. M., & Hunter, L. W. (2005), “Technology organizations, and work-life integration, In E. E. Kossek & S. J. Lambert (Eds.), Managing work-life integration in organizations: Future directions for research and practice (pp. 61-84).
54. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003), “User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view”, MIS Quarterly, 27, 425-438.
55. Wasserman, I. M., & Richmond-Abbott, M. (2005), “Gender and the Internet: Causes of variation in access, level, and scope of use”, Social Science Quarterly, 86, 252-270.
56. Watt, D., & White, J. M. (2000), “Computers and the family: A family developmental perspective”, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 26, 1-15.
57. Wheeless, L. R., Eddleman-Spears, L., Magness, L. D., & Preiss, R. W. (2005), “Informational reception apprehension and information from technology aversion: Development and test of a new construct”, Communication Quarterly, 53, 143-158
58. Whitty, M. T. (2002), “Liar, liar! An examination of how open, supportive and honest people are in chat rooms, Computers in Human Bebavior, 18, 343-352.